1st Law of Thermodynamics
Learning outcomes - after studying this topic, you should be able to:
- define the types of thermodynamic system
- recognise electrical, PV, surface, and elastic (spring) work
- express and explain the First Law of Thermodynamics, and use it to carry out energy balances
- define heat capacity and manipulate First Law heat capacity expressions
- define the terms exothermic and endothermic
- explain how a calorimeter and a chemical thermostat work
Enthalpy
Learning outcomes - after studying this topic, you should be able to:
- define enthalpy, and distinguish between CP and CV
- recognise and define the enthalpies of solution, formation, atomization, vapourization, condensation, fusion, sublimation and combustion
- use Hess’s Law to calculate the enthalpy of an unknown reaction from appropriate data, including standard enthalpies of formation, or estimate it from bond enthalpies
- define heat engine, thermodynaic cycle, and the efficiency of a heat engine
- recognise the difference between petrol and diesel engine cycles
- recognise and distinguish common fuel types, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages in different situations.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Learning outcomes - after studying this topic, you should be able to:
- write down the Second Law of Thermodynamics
- define entropy, spontaneous processes and equilibrium
- use standard entropies to calculate ΔS for a reaction at standard conditions, and with standard enthalpies of formation, predict whether a reaction will be spontaneous under those conditions
Textbook and eBook References
ChemCAL, iChem and Contributed Resources
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